Metrohm 797 VA Computrace Manuale Utente Pagina 284
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9 Troubleshooting
797 VA Computrace – Software
272
Analysis solution: deionised water
Standard addition: with 50 ng Zn
Electrode: HMDE (enrichment 60 s at –1.2 V)
Complex formation
Substances determined polarographically can occur in various com-
plexed forms, depending on the composition of the analysis solu-
tion. As complexing is always associated with a shift in the half-
wave potential and the limiting current, difficulties can arise in the
peak evaluation. Such difficulties must be eliminated by appropriate
changes in the composition of the supporting electrolyte.
If it is not possible to remove the interfering complexing agents
from the analysis solutions or to mask them by suitable substances,
it is often helpful to change the pH of the supporting electrolyte.
Another measure that is often used involves the addition of a
ligand of high complexing power (e.g. EDTA) to bring about 100%
change of the analyte to a definitive form. The latter possibility is
also used in the following example:
• Copper determination in chloride-containing solutions
Copper can occur in chloride-containing solutions as both a
CuCl
4
2–
and a CuCl
2
–
complex. The two associated current
peaks are near each other. In unfavourable cases, the determi-
nation of copper is not possible. The difficulties disappear after
addition of the complexing agent EDTA as now all copper is
completely in the form of a Cu-EDTA complex. (Increasing the
chloride concentration [e.g. by addition of 1 mL of a 1.5 mol/L
KCl solution of the greatest possible purity per 10 mL analysis
solution] would also give a clearly defined current peak for
CuCl
2
–
.)
Supporting electrolyte: Supporting electrolyte:
without EDTA with EDTA (0.001 mol/L)
- 797 VA Computrace 1
- Table of contents 10
- Table of contents 11
- 1 Introduction 13
- 1.2 General information 14
- 1.3 Installation 14
- 1.3 Installation 15
- 1 Introduction 16
- 1.5 Overview of file types 19
- 1.6 Context sensitive menus 20
- 2 Main window 21
- 2 Main window 22
- 2.3 File menu 24
- 2.3 File menu 25
- 2.4 Mode menu 27
- 2.5 Utility menu 28
- 2.6 User menu 28
- 2.6 User menu 29
- 2.7 Settings menu 32
- 2.7 Settings menu 33
- 2.8 Window menu 46
- 2.8 Window menu 47
- 3.1 Electrodes 48
- 3.1 Electrodes 49
- Drop size [ 1...9 ; 4 ] 50
- 3.2 VA measurement modes 52
- 3.2 VA measurement modes 53
- METHOD SPECIFICATIONS 54
- KING METHOD SPECIFICATIONS 56
- Normal pulse 58
- 3.3 Potentiostat 71
- 3.5 Graphical settings 76
- 3.5 Graphical settings 77
- Color of the line 81
- 4 Exploratory mode 82
- 4 Exploratory mode 84
- 4.3 Exploratory curves 86
- 4.3 Exploratory curves 87
- PLORATORY CURVES 97
- EXPLORA 97
- TORY SPECIFICATION 97
- 5 Determination mode 98
- 5 Determination mode 100
- 797 VA Computrace – Software 101
- 5.3 Monitor 120
- 5.3 Monitor 121
- 5.4 Determination curves 130
- 5.4 Determination curves 131
- 5.5 Results 141
- 5.5 Results 143
- Electrode test 145
- 5.6 Sample table 146
- 5.6 Sample table 147
- Voltammogram 154
- Chronoamperogram 154
- Minimum 157
- Recommended 157
- 6 Electroplating Bath VA 162
- Calibra 205
- Calibration 205
- Calibration tech 207
- 7 Manual control 209
- 7 Manual control 210
- 7.2 Dosing Device control 211
- 7.3 Pump control 212
- 7.4 Film deposition 213
- 7.5 Cleaning procedure 215
- 8 How to ...? 217
- 8.2 User rights 218
- DOSINOS window: 239
- Suppressor standard 247
- Rinsing solution 247
- Response curve) 253
- 8.10 Diagnostic procedures 265
- 9 Troubleshooting 269
- 9.4 Dosing Device problems 270
- 9 Troubleshooting 272
- AC – Alternating 273
- FICATION 273
- METHOD PARAMETERS 273
- 9.6 Voltammetric problems 274
- 9.6 Voltammetric problems 275
- Software license 288
- Software license 289
- Index 291
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